Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

A patient presents with respiratory distress and labored breathing. What is a recommended treatment for this condition?

1. Immediate intubation

2. Continuous positive airway pressure and an IV line

3. Use of bronchodilators only

4. Observation without treatment

The correct answer is: Continuous positive airway pressure and an IV line

In cases of respiratory distress and labored breathing, providing support to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation is essential. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a non-invasive ventilation strategy that helps keep the airways open and improves gas exchange in the lungs. It is particularly effective in conditions such as congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where fluid or airway constriction can complicate breathing. Alongside CPAP, establishing an intravenous (IV) line is critical for potential medication administration or fluid resuscitation, particularly if the respiratory distress is linked to an underlying cause that requires treatment. This dual approach ensures that the patient receives immediate respiratory support while also preparing for further interventions as necessary. Other options, such as immediate intubation, may be reserved for patients who cannot maintain their airway or require definitive airway management due to severe respiratory failure. Using bronchodilators alone may not sufficiently address the underlying issue causing respiratory distress, particularly if the patient needs more comprehensive support. Observation without any intervention is not appropriate in a situation where the patient is exhibiting significant symptoms, as this could lead to further deterioration of their condition.