Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

How is anaphylactic shock characterized?

1. Slow heart rate

2. Rapid onset of itching and swelling

3. Gradual respiratory failure

4. High fevers and chills

The correct answer is: Rapid onset of itching and swelling

Anaphylactic shock is characterized by a rapid and severe allergic reaction, which typically presents with symptoms such as itching, swelling, and other signs of acute hypersensitivity. This reaction occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen, triggering the release of histamines and other chemicals into the bloodstream. This results in widespread vasodilation and an increase in capillary permeability, leading to swelling (edema) and the sensation of itching. The quick onset is a hallmark of anaphylaxis, often accompanied by additional symptoms such as difficulty breathing, hives, gastrointestinal distress, and, in severe cases, cardiovascular collapse. The rapid development of these symptoms is crucial for the recognition of anaphylaxis and the need for immediate treatment, such as epinephrine administration. In contrast, the other options mentioned are indicative of conditions that do not align with the immediate and intense reaction seen in anaphylactic shock. For example, a slow heart rate is not typically associated with anaphylaxis, where tachycardia is more common. Gradual respiratory failure might suggest a chronic condition rather than the acute onset observed in anaphylaxis. Similarly, high fevers and chills relate more to infection rather than anaphylactic reactions. Consequently, the clarity of the rapid onset