Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What is a common clinical finding in patients experiencing hypo- or hyperglycemic crises?

1. Elevated blood pressure

2. Altered mental status

3. Fever and chills

4. Chest pain

The correct answer is: Altered mental status

In patients experiencing hypo- or hyperglycemic crises, altered mental status is a prevalent clinical finding due to the direct impact that abnormal blood sugar levels have on brain function. When blood glucose levels drop too low (hypoglycemia), the brain lacks the necessary fuel to operate effectively, leading to symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, irritability, or even loss of consciousness. Conversely, in hyperglycemic states, particularly in diabetic emergencies like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), the resulting dehydration and metabolic disturbances can also affect cognitive function, leading to confusion or decreased alertness. While elevated blood pressure may occur as part of a stress response or can be seen in certain clinical conditions, it is not specific to hypo- or hyperglycemic crises. Fever and chills suggest infections or other systemic illnesses rather than glycemic issues. Chest pain is more commonly associated with cardiovascular events and is less specifically linked to either hypo- or hyperglycemia. Therefore, altered mental status is the most direct and common indicator of these metabolic crises.