Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What is the MOST likely etiology of decreased sensation and movement in lower extremities after a fall into a swimming pool?

1. Spinal cord injury with hypovolemia

2. Disruption of the nervous system and relative hypovolemia

3. Fractured pelvis

4. Severe dehydration

The correct answer is: Disruption of the nervous system and relative hypovolemia

The most likely etiology of decreased sensation and movement in the lower extremities after a fall into a swimming pool is attributed to the disruption of the nervous system and relative hypovolemia. When an individual falls into a swimming pool, especially if the fall is from a height or involves significant impact, it can lead to trauma affecting the spinal cord or the surrounding structures. A disruption in the nervous system, such as a spinal cord injury, can result in a loss of sensory and motor function. When the spinal cord is compromised, signals from the brain are unable to effectively reach the lower extremities, leading to decreased sensation and movement. Additionally, there can be associated hypovolemia resulting from blood loss due to injury, which may exacerbate the clinical picture by affecting blood flow and overall perfusion. This scenario highlights the importance of evaluating not only the musculoskeletal system but also the causative factors that might compromise neurological function. Recognizing the relationship between trauma, nervous system integrity, and hemodynamic status is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment in emergency situations.