Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Which breathing pattern is characterized by irregular rate, pattern, and depth, along with brief periods of apnea?

1. Kussmaul respirations

2. Cheyne-Stokes respirations

3. Biot's respirations

4. Apneustic respirations

The correct answer is: Biot's respirations

The breathing pattern characterized by irregular rate, pattern, and depth, along with brief periods of apnea, is known as Biot's respirations. This pattern typically presents as a series of rapid, shallow breaths followed by periods of apnea. It can occur in a variety of clinical conditions, particularly those affecting the brain, such as increased intracranial pressure or damage to the brainstem. In clinical practice, recognizing Biot's respirations is crucial because it can indicate underlying neurological issues that may require immediate attention. This term distinguishes it from other patterns like Kussmaul respirations, which are associated with metabolic acidosis and involve deep, labored breaths; Cheyne-Stokes respirations, characterized by a cyclical pattern of increasing and decreasing depths followed by apnea; and apneustic respirations, marked by prolonged inspiration and insufficient expiration. Understanding these nuances helps EMTs and healthcare providers evaluate respiratory status effectively.