Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Which statement MOST accurately describes asthma?

1. A chronic lung infection

2. A reversible airway disease caused by an exaggerated immune response

3. A condition that always involves wheezing

4. Permanent airway obstruction due to inflammation

The correct answer is: A reversible airway disease caused by an exaggerated immune response

The statement that asthma is a reversible airway disease caused by an exaggerated immune response accurately describes the condition because asthma is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which can often be reversed with appropriate treatment, such as bronchodilators or corticosteroids. In asthma, the airways become hyperreactive to various triggers like allergens, exercise, or cold air, leading to bronchoconstriction—a response that is associated with an exaggerated immune response. While asthma can lead to symptoms like wheezing, it's also important to note that not every asthmatic episode involves wheezing. Some individuals may experience other symptoms like coughing or shortness of breath without noticeable wheezing. Additionally, asthma is not classified as a chronic lung infection, nor does it always lead to permanent airway obstruction. In most cases, with proper management and treatment, individuals can achieve significant control over their symptoms, contrasting with conditions that cause irreversible damage to the airways.